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About PMI
Explore PMI Science, where innovation meets harm reduction. Learn about our scientists, smoke-free research, and commitment to transparency in research.
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About PMIExplore PMI Science, where innovation meets harm reduction. Learn about our scientists, smoke-free research, and commitment to transparency in research. -
Smoke-free approach
PMI offers smoke-free alternatives with the potential to reduce the risk of harm for adult smokers who do not quit. Learn about harm reduction, the role of nicotine, and the regulation of smoke-free products.
- Harm Reduction
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Smoke-free approachPMI offers smoke-free alternatives with the potential to reduce the risk of harm for adult smokers who do not quit. Learn about harm reduction, the role of nicotine, and the regulation of smoke-free products. -
Research
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ResearchDiscover PMI's rigorous scientific approach to smoke-free products and product assessment. Dive into our research results, peer-reviewed publications, independent research, and expert reports. -
Our Products
PMI believes that offering a range of smoke-free alternatives is essential to ensure individual smokers are able to find a smoke-free product that they can fully switch to.
- Heated tobacco products
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Our ProductsPMI believes that offering a range of smoke-free alternatives is essential to ensure individual smokers are able to find a smoke-free product that they can fully switch to. -
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News & EventsExplore the latest insights and stay informed about upcoming events and conference presentations from PMI scientists. -
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About PMI
In vivo profiling of a natural alkaloid, anatabine, in rodents: Pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory efficacy
Natural alkaloids, a large class of plant-derived substances, have attracted considerable interest because of their pharmacological activities. In this study, the in vivo pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory profile of anatabine, a naturally occurring alkaloid, were characterized in rodents. Anatabine was found to be bioavailable and brain-penetrant following systemic administration. Following intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration (1, 2, and 5 mg/kg), anatabine caused a dose-dependent reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats; in mice, it inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and simultaneously elevated the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine in a dose-dependent manner 2 h after lipopolysaccharide challenge. Furthermore, anatabine (∼10 and ∼20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks; inhalation exposure) had effects in a murine model of multiple sclerosis, reducing neurological deficits and bodyweight loss. Comparative studies of the pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory activity of anatabine demonstrated its bioequivalence in rats following i.p. administration and inhalation exposure. This study not only provides the first detailed profile of anatabine pharmacokinetics in rodents but also comprehensively characterizes the anti-inflammatory activities of anatabine in acute and chronic inflammatory models. These findings provide a basis for further characterizing and optimizing the anti-inflammatory properties of anatabine.
A comparative assessment of HPHC yields and in vitro toxicity for 1R6F reference cigarette smoke versus aerosol generated by Tobacco Heating System 3.0
Cigarette smoke enhances abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in angiotensin II-treated apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Tobacco Heating System 2.4 has less harmful impact on 2D bone co-culture system than cigarette smoke
Characterizing the Genotoxic Potential of E-Cigarette Components In Vitro
Evaluation of Chronic Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Flavored E-Vapor Aerosols in an 18-Month Inhalation Study in A/J Mice
Toxicological Assessment of Highly Mentholated Reduced-Risk Tobacco Products in Sprague Dawley Rats Following Sub-Chronic Inhalation Exposure
PMIScience.com is operated by Philip Morris International for the purpose of publishing and disseminating scientific information about Philip Morris International’s efforts in support of its smoke-free product portfolio. This site is a global site for use by scientists, the public health and regulatory communities, and other stakeholders with an interest in tobacco policy. The purpose of this site is not advertising or marketing, nor is it directed at any specific market. It is not intended for use by consumers. New tobacco products sold in the United States are subject to FDA regulation; therefore the content of this site is not intended to make, and nor should it be construed as making, any product related claims in the United States without proper FDA authorization.
Reduced Risk Products ("RRPs”) is the term we use to refer to products that present, are likely to present, or have the potential to present less risk of harm to smokers who switch to these products versus continuing smoking. PMI has a range of RRPs in various stages of development, scientific assessment and commercialization. All of our RRPs are smoke-free products that deliver nicotine with far lower quantities of harmful and potentially harmful constituents than found in cigarette smoke.